The Implication of the Interim Measures Issued by Arbitrator
(A comparative analysis)
الملخص
Article 173 of the Kuwaiti Arbitration Act, as a general principle, preserves the authority to issue interim measure to the court. By the language of Article 173, it can be inferred that the legislator intended to imply a number of legal prohibitions. The language of exception in Arabic legal text reflects the following norms, first: the exceptional law should be narrowly interpreted to avoid any incompatible meaning which conflicts with the general intention of the legislator. Second, it cannot be relied on in a comparative analysis to examine the legality of similarly situated issue. For instance, if the parties drafted a mediation agreement, they cannot consent to allow the mediators to issue interim relief relying on the permissibility contained in Article 173. Hence, the Arbitration Act adopted the ‘duality principle’ which enables courts to issue any type of preliminary relief notwithstanding parties’ consent to confer this power to the arbitral tribunal. The problem is that the law does not address whether the interim relief issued by arbitral tribunal should be enforced or whether cannot be appealed, therefore the matter cannot be litigated again.
This article will trace the arbitration law approach of Kuwait, in a comparative method, in relation to the applicability of the interim measures to the resolution of the final dispute. This study will attempt to answer the question of whether the arbitrators can grant this type of relief and whether this type of orders can be enforceable according to the convention.
المراجع
1. William Wan, International Arbitration: the Need for Uniform Interim Measures of Relief, (2003), 28 Brook. J. Int'l L.
2. Ghazwi, M. F., Jarrah, M., & Mahasneh, Critical Analysis of Granting Interim Measures in Arbitration in the Context of Jordan Arbitration Law No. 16. 2018, 10 Beijing Law Review
3. Ali Yesilirmak, Provisional Measures in International Commercial Arbitration, 2003
4. Lira Goswami, Interim Relief: The Role of the Courts in International Arbitration and National Courts: The Never Ending Story‘ ICCA Congress Series No. 10, Kluwer L. int’l.
5. Frank D. Emerson, History of Arbitration Practice and Law, 19 Clev. St. L. Rev. 155 (1970)
6. MF Hoellering, ‘The Practices and Experience of the American Arbitration Association’ in ICC, Conservatory and Provisional Measures in International Arbitration (Kluwer 1993)
7. Christopher Higgins, Interim Measures in Transnational Maritime Arbitration, Tulane L. Review
8. Sarah Rudolph Cole, Incentives and Arbitration: The Case Against Enforcement of Executory Arbitration Agreements Between Employers and Employees, 64 UMKC L. REV. (1996)
9. Azmi Abdulfatah, Kuwaiti Arbitration law, 2012
10. Born G, International Arbitration and Forum Selection Agreements: Drafting and Enforcing, 2nd edn, Kluwer 2006
11. Born G, International Arbitration and Forum Selection Agreements: Drafting and Enforcing, 2nd edn, Kluwer 2006
Case Laws:
1. Yahoo! Inc. v. Microsoft Corp (983 F. Supp. 2d 310 (S.D.N.Y. 2013).
2. IDS Life Insurance Co. v. Royal Alliance Associates Inc., 266 F.3d 645, 650 (7th Cir. 2001).
3. Home In- surance Co V. RHAIPennsylvania Nursing Homes Inc., 127 E.Supp. 2d 482, 485 (S.D. N.Y. 2001).
4. McCreary Tire & Rubber Co. v. CEAT S.p.A., 501 F.2d 1032, 1037-38 (3d Cir. 1974)
5. I.T.A.D. Assocs., Inc. v. Podar Bros., 636 F.2d 75 (4th Cir. 1981)
6. Mitsubishi Heavy Indus., Ltd. v. Stone & Webster, Inc., No. 08 Civ. 00509 (JGK)
Laws:
7. Kuwait procedural Law
8. Qatar Arbitration Law
9. American Federal Arbitration Act
10. Belgian Judicial Code of 1985
11. Dutch Civil Procedural Law issued July 1st, 1986
12. British Columbia International Commercial Arbitration in Canada
13. Swiss Private International Law of 1987
14. UK Arbitration Act 1996
15. US Revised Uniform Arbitration Act
16. UNCITRAL Rules
17. UCC
18. ICC Rules
19. LCIA
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