الرقيق المسلمون في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية
(دراسة تاريخية في الهوية والدين والعبودية)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33193/IJoHSS.72.2026.946الكلمات المفتاحية:
العبيد المسلمون، العبودية في الولايات المتحدة، المسلمون الأفارقة، الهوية الإسلامية، اللغة العربيةالملخص
هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على واقع الرقيق المسلمين في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية خلال القرون السابع عشر والثامن عشر والتاسع عشر، من خلال تحليل أوضاعهم الدينية والاجتماعية والثقافية، ودراسة دور الهوية الإسلامية واللغة العربية في الحفاظ على هويتهم داخل مجتمع العبودية الأمريكي، إضافة إلى إبراز عدد من الشخصيات الإسلامية المرتبطة بتاريخ العبودية الأمريكية. واعتمدت الدراسة على المنهج التاريخي التحليلي، بالاستناد إلى المصادر التاريخية والمخطوطات العربية والسير الذاتية والدراسات الأكاديمية المتعلقة بتاريخ العبودية والعبيد المسلمين في الولايات المتحدة. وأظهرت نتائج الدراسة أن نسبة المسلمين بين الرقيق الأفارقة الذين نُقلوا إلى الأمريكيتين تراوحت – وفق بعض التقديرات – ما بين 10% إلى 30%، وأن عددًا منهم كان يمتلك خلفيات علمية ودينية متقدمة ويجيد اللغة العربية فضلًا عن لغاته المحلية. كما بينت الدراسة أن العبيد المسلمين تمركزوا بصورة كبيرة في الولايات الجنوبية الزراعية، وأن عدد العبيد في الولايات المتحدة بلغ قرابة أربعة ملايين مستعبد قبيل إلغاء العبودية عام 1865م.وأوضحت النتائج كذلك أن عددًا من العبيد المسلمين تعرضوا لمحاولات التنصير والطمس الثقافي، إلا أن بعضهم استطاع الحفاظ على جزء من هويته الإسلامية من خلال اللغة العربية والمخطوطات والممارسات الدينية.
المراجع
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3. Austin, A. D. (1997). African Muslims in antebellum America. Routledge. Austin, A. (2013). Abd Al-Rahman, Ibrahima. Oxford African American Studies Center
4. Berlin, I. (1998). Many thousands gone: The first two centuries of slavery in North America. Harvard University Press.
5. Bouzan, R. (2021). African Muslim Slaves: Literacy and Arabic Narratives. Master's Theses, Dissertations, Graduate Research and Major Papers Overview.
6. British Broadcasting Corporation.(2011).Freed slave portrait saved from export. Official site
7. Carson, M. L. (2016). Human trafficking, the bible, and the church: An interdisciplinary study. Wipf and Stock Publishers.
8. Chipman, D.(2025).The Journey of Estevanico: The First African in Texas.Texas State Historical Association
9. Crawley,K. (2023).A Forgotten Legacy – Muslims in Black History.International Students of Islamic Psychology
10. Davis, D. B. (2006). Inhuman bondage: The rise and fall of slavery in the New World. Oxford University Press
11. Davis, D. B. (2006). Inhuman bondage: The rise and fall of slavery in the New World. Oxford University Press.
12. DeKuyper, S. (2014). SLAVERY IN BIBLICAL TIMES. The Southern Baptist Theological Seminary
13. Diouf, S. A. (2013). Servants of Allah: African Muslims enslaved in the Americas. NYU Press.
14. Diouf, S. A. (2013). Servants of Allah: African Muslims enslaved in the Americas. NYU Press.
15. Ellis, J. J. (2002). Founding Brothers: The Revolutionary Generation. Vintage.
16. Finkelman, P. (2014). Slavery and the Founders: Race and Liberty in the Age of Jefferson. Routledge.
17. Foner, E. (2020). Give me liberty!: An American history (6th ed.). W. W. Norton & Company
18. Gordon, R. A. (2006). Following Estevanico: The Influential Presence of an African Slave in Sixteenth-century New World Historiography. Colonial Latin American Review, 15(2), 183–206.
19. Griffioen, P. (2024). Why Are There 73 Books in the Bible Used by Roman Catholics?. The Bible Answers Project.
20. Hacker J. D. (2020). From '20. and odd' to 10 million: The growth of the slave population in the United States. Slavery & abolition, 41(4), 840–855. https://doi.org/10.1080/0144039x.2020.1755502
21. Haseldine, G. (2020). William Hoare and Visions of Ayuba Suleiman Diallo in Britain. Muslim World, 110(3).
22. Herrick, D. (2018). Esteban: the African slave who explored America. University of New Mexico Press.
23. Lakwete, A. (2005). Inventing the cotton gin: machine and myth in Antebellum America. JHU Press.
24. LaVeist, T. A., Fullilove, M., & Fullilove, R. (2019). 400 Years of Inequality Since Jamestown of 1619. American journal of public health, 109(1), 83–84. https://doi.org/10.2105/AJPH.2018.304824
25. Lebron, C. J. (2023). The making of black lives matter: A brief history of an idea. Oxford University Press.
26. Lovejoy, P. E. (2000). Transformations in slavery: A history of slavery in Africa. Cambridge University Press.
27. Martin, B. R. G. (1994). Sapelo Island's Arabic Document: The" Bilali Diary" in Context. The Georgia Historical Quarterly, 78(3), 589-601.
28. McPherson, J. M. (2003). Battle cry of freedom: The Civil War era. Oxford University Press
29. Morris, T. D. (2004). Southern slavery and the law, 1619-1860. Univ of North Carolina Press.
30. Naylor, P., & Wallace, M. (2019). Author of his own fate? The eighteenth-century writings of Ayuba Sulayman Diallo. The Journal of African History, 60(3), 343-377.
31. Noll, M. A. (2006). The Civil War as a theological crisis. Univ of North Carolina Press.
32. Noll, M. A. (2019). A history of Christianity in the United States and Canada. Eerdmans.
33. Osman, G., & Forbes, C. F. (2004). Representing the West in the Arabic language: The slave narrative of Omar Ibn Said. Journal of Islamic Studies, 15(3), 331-343.
34. Raboteau, A. J. (2004). Slave religion: The “invisible institution” in the antebellum South. Oxford University Press.
35. SCHIRRMACHER, T. (2014). Slavery in the Old Testament, in the New Testament, and today. Christian Values vs Contemporary Values, 125.
36. Tanguay, M. D. (2017). The Three-Fifths Clause: A Necessary American Compromise or Evidence of America's Original Sin?. Georgetown University.
37. Tise, L. E. (1990). Proslavery: A history of the defense of slavery in America, 1701–1840. University of Georgia Press.
38. Whitford, D. M. (2017). The curse of Ham in the early modern era: the Bible and the justifications for slavery. Routledge.
39. Wikipedia.(2026). Official site
40. Williams, H. A. (2009). Self-taught: African American education in slavery and freedom. Univ of North Carolina Press.
41. Willis, A. I. (2023). Revolutionizing literacy: The life of Omar ibn Said, written by himself. Literacy Research: Theory, Method, and Practice, 72(1), 118-138.
42. Wright, G. (2006). Slavery and American economic development. LSU press.
43. الكتاب المقدس. (1993). الترجمة العربية المشتركة. دار الكتاب المقدس.
44. مسكين , يونس (2025).مصطفى الأزموري.. العبد المغربي الذي اكتشف ولاية فلوريدا. الجزيرة الوثائقية
التنزيلات
منشور
2026-06-25
كيفية الاقتباس
د. سعود غسان البشر. (2026). الرقيق المسلمون في الولايات المتحدة الأمريكية: (دراسة تاريخية في الهوية والدين والعبودية). International Journal on Humanities and Social Sciences, (72), 138–166. https://doi.org/10.33193/IJoHSS.72.2026.946
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