Temperature Variation between Satellite Data and Ground Stations in Khanaqin District

Abstract

Khanaqin district belongs administratively to Diyala Governorate, which is located between longitude (45.30-45) east and latitude (30.34 and 34) degrees north. As for the administrative borders, it is bordered by Sulaymaniyah governorate from the north, the Islamic Republic of Iran from the east, Kifri and Sulaymaniyah from the west, and Baladruz and Muqdadiya districts from the south. It includes three sub-districts: Markaz Al-Qada, Al-Saadiya and Jalula.

The aim of the study is to calculate the surface temperature of the earth in Khanaqin district, and to compare the temperatures extracted by land sat visuals, geological and topographic maps, and the outputs of (ARCMap10.7) program to build an information base for the region and extract spectral indicators to produce a map of the thermal state index (LST) for four months (March, July, October and December), which represent the months of spring, summer, autumn and winter, which was used to extract the surface temperature. Between the temperatures extracted by the spectral index and the temperatures measured at the ground stations on the date of capturing the satellite image.