The Verb (Naẓara) in the Qur’an

(A Morphological and Semantic Study)

Abstract

 The root (Naẓara) appears in the Qur'an in various conjugations across numerous verses and chapters, underscoring its significance in guiding humanity to knowledge of Allah Almighty. This study examines (Naẓara) as both a transitive and intransitive verb—acting directly on its object or through prepositions like ilā (to), min (from), fī (in), and ʿalā (upon)—and clarifies its meanings in each case. The research also analyzes the diverse morphological forms derived from this verb that are found in the Qur'an, shedding light on their respective semantic implications. The study adopts an inductive and analytical methodology to achieve its objectives. The findings reveal that (Naẓara), with its multiple meanings, underscores the necessity of employing intellect to encourage reflection, contemplation, and pondering over the universe to uncover evidence and proofs of the Creator's existence and the majesty of creation. Its meanings also encompass notions such as respite, waiting, vision (physical sight), insight, and mercy. Additionally, the study concludes that when (Naẓara) acts directly without a preposition, it often conveys meanings of waiting and delay, while when paired with ilā, it denotes visual sight; with fī, it indicates reflection and contemplation. When the verb's object is omitted, it implies observation or witnessing. As for the derived forms (the verbal noun, active participle, and passive participle), their meanings vary depending on the context. The augmented form (Intaẓara), on the pattern of Iftaʿala, carries the same meanings as the simple form (Naẓara).