Situational Awareness and Its Relationship to Social Culture among Diyala University Students
Keywords:
situational awareness, social culture
Abstract
The present research aims to identify the correlational relationship between situational awareness and its connection to social culture among students at the University of Diyala for the academic year 2024–2025. The research sample consisted of 378 male and female students. A Situational Awareness Scale consisting of 13 items was adopted, and a Social Culture Scale was developed consisting of 30 items. Appropriate statistical methods were employed using the SPSS program.
The researcher found a positive correlational relationship between situational awareness and social culture among the research sample.
The researcher concluded the following:
- The sample demonstrated awareness of the importance of adapting to the educational environment and benefiting from mutual social support among peers.
- The educational institution, represented by the University of Diyala, succeeded in providing a social and educational environment that takes into account individual differences.
- The colleges involved in the study were successful in offering psychological and social support to students at the University of Diyala.
References
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20- Thoits, P. A. (2011). Mechanisms linking social ties and support to physical and mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 52(2), 145–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146510395592
21- Ungar, M. (2011). The social ecology of resilience: Addressing contextual and cultural ambiguity of a nascent construct. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 81(1), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01067.x
2- القيسي ، علي ليث ،2020 ،الوعي الموقفي وعلاقته بالتوجه الأَخلاقي عِندَ طلبة الجامعة، رسالة ماجستير ، جامعة ديالى.
3- Altbach, P. G., & Salmi, J. (2016). The Road to Academic Excellence: The Making of World-Class Research Universities. Washington, DC: World Bank.
4- Anastasi, A., & Urbina, S. (1997). Psychological Testing (7th ed.). Prentice Hall.
5- Bhandari, P. (2023, June 22). Construct validity | Definition, types, & examples. Scribbr. Retrieved May 31, 2025, from https://www.scribbr.com/methodology/construct-validity
6- Chen, Y. (2022). Social Status Loss and Academic Engagement among University Students: The Mediating Role of Social Belonging and Psychological Wellbeing. Journal of College Student Development, 63(3), 245–263. https://doi.org/10.1353/csd.2022.0021
7- Creswell, J. W., & Creswell, J. D. (2018). Research design: Qualitative, quantitative, and mixed methods approaches (5th ed.). SAGE Publications.
8- Ebell ,R . (1972) . Essential of Educationment, New jersey ,prenter
9- Endsley, M. R. (1995). Toward a theory of situation awareness in dynamic systems. Human Factors, 37(1), 32–64. https://doi.org/10.1518/001872095779049543
10- ـــــــــــــــــــــــــــــــ (2000). Theoretical underpinnings of situation awareness: A critical review. In M. R. Endsley & D. J. Garland (Eds.), Situation awareness analysis and measurement.
11- Ferraro, G. P. (2006). The Cultural Dimension of International Business (5th ed.). Pearson Education.
12- Fracker, M. L. (1991). Measures of situation awareness: Review and analysis (Report No. AL-TR-1991-0122).
13- Hermann, A., & Pearsall, M. J. (2019). Managing uncertainty in the classroom: The role of situational awareness in student performance. Journal of Educational Psychology, 111(4), 612–628. https://doi.org/10.1037/edu0000308
14- Hofstede, G., Hofstede, G. J., & Minkov, M. (2010). Cultures and Organizations: Software of the Mind (3rd ed
15- Malecki, C. K., & Demaray, M. K. (2003). Measuring perceived social support: Development of the Child and Adolescent Social Support Scale (CASSS). Psychology in the Schools, 40(1), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1002/pits.10004
16- McGuinness, D., & Pribram, K. H. (2021). The function of consciousness in learning. Neuropsychologia, 149, 107695. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2020.107695
17- Ridgeway, C. L. (2014). Why status matters for inequality. American Sociological Review, 79(1),.
18- Salmon, P., Stanton, N. A., & Jenkins, D. P. (2020). Distributed situation awareness: Theory, measurement and application to teamwork. CRC Press.
19- Salmon, P., Stanton, N. A., & Jenkins, D. P. (2020). Distributed situation awareness: Theory, measurement and application to teamwork. CRC Press.
20- Thoits, P. A. (2011). Mechanisms linking social ties and support to physical and mental health. Journal of Health and Social Behavior, 52(2), 145–161. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022146510395592
21- Ungar, M. (2011). The social ecology of resilience: Addressing contextual and cultural ambiguity of a nascent construct. American Journal of Orthopsychiatry, 81(1), https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1939-0025.2010.01067.x
Published
2025-08-08
How to Cite
Hanan Falah Hassan. (2025). Situational Awareness and Its Relationship to Social Culture among Diyala University Students. International Journal on Humanities and Social Sciences, (67), 12-29. https://doi.org/10.33193/IJoHSS.67.2025.843
Issue
Section
المقالات
Copyright (c) 2025 م. حنان فلاح حسن
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
