Right to Truth in International Law
Abstract
It is increasingly common in countries emerging from civil war or authoritarian rule that suffered of serious violations of human rights, victims and their families seek to know what happened to them in the past and why it happened and the most important who committed such violations. change the legal systems governing countries, it is necessary to investigate the past of previous regimes and reveal the violations of the law and human rights, sometimes to redress the victims and their families, and at other times to prevent a recurrence of what happened in the past. The right to truth is one of the most important mechanisms of transitional justice. It includes writing down the heritage and memory of peoples who depend on codifying and knowing the facts of human rights violations that occurred under a specific ruling, and uncovering the facts of the people's oppression of the public and in particular the victims and their families, and it has confirmed a group of UN reports on the need to preserve the right to know the truth as it reveals the people's heritage and history, which must be preserved from fraud and misrepresentation. The right to truth emerged as a legal right based on legislation and agreements that met international acceptance and entered into force by providing information to the families of missing persons, so as to keep the families of the victims aware of the fate of their relatives or even the entire community to inform him of the circumstances of human rights violations, and this came in response to document the facts of what happened and how it happened.
Several international instruments, national laws, and establishments that were established on the basis of the right to know the truth as a human right to know its individual and societal dimension, and if they were diversified in the ways in which they were drawn and established, affirmed in large ways the issue of informing victims of past violations of The truth of what happened, its causes and the perpetrators of these violations. The right to truth as a stand-alone and independent right is considered one of the rights that did not enjoy extensive studies in international law except for some studies prepared by the United Nations agencies to define the frameworks of the right and its material scope, but this research deals with the right to know the truth in terms of analysis and scrutiny of legal texts as It dealt with reports and studies of the United Nations agencies in the manner of gathering information to reach a clear and clear picture of the right to know the truth.
References
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3. Declaration on the Protecting of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, (A/RES/47/133) 1993
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ثانيا : القوانين
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ثالثا: القرارات و التقارير الدولية باللغة العربية
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ثالثا: المصادر العربية
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ثالثا: قرارات الامم المتحدة بالانكليزي
22. UN General assembly resolution on Assisting and Cooperation in Accounting for Persons who are Missing or Dead in Armed Conflict on sixth of November, 3220 (XXIX) (adopted 95 votes in favor) 1974.
23. Economic and social Council, United Nations, Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, Impunity, Report of the independent expert to update the Set of principles to Combat Impunity, Diane Orentilcher, Update Set Principles for the Protection and promotion of Human Rights therough action to combat impunity, P 7. (E/CN.4/2005/102/Add.1(
24. General Assembly resolutions 55/118, 57/105 and 57/161 and Security Council Resolutions 1468 (2003), 1470 (2003) and 1606 (2005).
25. General Assembly, resolution16/147, Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law.(2005).
26. The General Assembly of the United Nations, Resolution 59 (1) Calling for International Conference on Freedom of Information, (1946).
27. UN General assembly resolution on Assisting and Cooperation in Accounting for Persons who are Missing or Dead in Armed Conflict on sixth of November, 3220 (XXIX) (adopted 95 votes in favor) 1974.
28. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Right to Truth, Human Right Resolution 2005/66.
29. Commission on Human right, Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, study on the right to truth, (E/CN.4/2006/91) 2006,
رابعا : المصادر الاجنبية
30. Alston, Philip & Goodman Ryan, International Human Rights 1407 (2013) Translated by the Author.
31. ICRC, 2005, Customary International Humanitarian Law, Volume I, Rules, Cambridge Press University
References
First: International agreements
1. The International Convention for the Protection of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, adopted by the General Assembly in accordance with its Resolution No. 61/177 in 2006 (A / RES / 177/61) and entered into force in January 2010
2. Agreement on the establishment of the commission to clarify past human rights violations and acts of violence that have caused the Guatemalan population to suffer, ANEEX II (A / 48/954-S / 1994/751)
3. Declaration on the Protecting of All Persons from Enforced Disappearance, (A / RES / 47/133) 1993
4. Mexico City Agreements, Agreement No. IV “Truth Commission”, United Nations, DPI / 1208-92615-July
Second: the laws
5. Basic Law No. 53 of 2013 dated December 24, 2013. Tunisia.
6. Dahir Sharif No. 1.04.42 issued on 19 of Safar 1425 (April 10, 2004) approving the articles of the Moroccan Equity and Reconciliation Commission.
Third: International resolutions and reports in Arabic
7. The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (1948)
8. Amnesty International Report "(MDE 29/17/90) Disappeared in Morocco" 1993
9. Economic and Social Council, Commission on Human Rights, final report prepared by Ms. Jounieh in implementation of Sub-Commission resolution 1996/119. Administration of justice and securing detained human rights, the issue of impunity for perpetrators of civil and political human rights violations. E / CN.4 / Sub.2 / 1997/20)).
10. The Economic and Social Council, to further promote and encourage human rights and fundamental freedoms, including the issue of the committee's program and methods of work: human rights, mass displacement, and the homeless. Guidelines on Internal Displacement, 2002, Principle 1/16. (E / CN.4 / 1998/53 / Add.2)
11. Report of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Human Rights Council, The Right to the Truth, (A / HRC / 12/19) 2009.
12. General Assembly, The Right to Know the Truth (2009). (12A / HRC / RES / 12 /)
13. Report of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Human Rights Council, The Right to the Truth, (A / HRC / 12/19) 2009.
14. General Assembly, International Day of the Right to the Truth, (A / RES / 65/496) 2010.
Third: Arabic References
15. - Al-Khouli, Dr. Ahmad Mahmoud, 2003, Theory of Truth between Islamic Jurisprudence and Positive Law, Dar Al Salam for Printing, Publishing, Distribution, and Translation, First Edition
16. Al-Shawi, Dr. Monther, 2009, Philosophy of Law, Dar Al-Thaqafa for Publishing and Distribution, First Edition.
17. International Center for Transitional Justice, The Search for the Truth: Contemplating the establishment of an effective truth commission, under the supervision of Eduardo Gonzales and Howard Varney, 2013.
18. Oouimer, Hussein, 2017, Equity and Reconciliation Commission in Morocco, The Arab Future Magazine, October 464, citing Mark Freeman and Priscilla B. Heiner, Confidentiality, (study on the International Center for Transitional Justice) New York, 2000
19. Benyoub, Ahmed Shawky, July 2013, Transitional Justice: Concept, Origination and Experiences, Arab Future Magazine, Issue No. 413.
20. Verla Oppgenhafen & Mark Freeman (2005), Transitional Justice in Morocco: A Work Report, International Center for Transitional Justice.
21- Sabila, Mohamed and Hermosi, Noah, 2017, Encyclopedia of Basic Concepts in Humanities and Philosophy, Arab Center for Research and Humanities, Morocco, first edition.
Third: the United Nations resolutions in English
21. UN General assembly resolution on Assisting and Cooperation in Accounting for Persons who are Missing or Dead in Armed Conflict on sixth of November, 3220 (XXIX) (adopted 95 votes in favor) 1974.
22. Economic and social Council, United Nations, Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, Impunity, Report of the independent expert to update the Set of principles to Combat Impunity, Diane Orentilcher, Update Set Principles for the Protection and promotion of Human Rights therough action to combat impunity, P 7. (E / CN.4 / 2005/102 / Add.1)
23. General Assembly resolutions 55/118, 57/105 and 57/161 and Security Council Resolutions 1468 (2003), 1470 (2003) and 1606 (2005).
24. General Assembly, resolution16 / 147, Basic Principles and Guidelines on the Right to a Remedy and Reparation for Victims of Gross Violations of International Human Rights Law and Serious Violations of International Humanitarian Law. (2005).
25. The General Assembly of the United Nations, Resolution 59 (1) Calling for International Conference on Freedom of Information, (1946).
26. UN General assembly resolution on Assisting and Cooperation in Accounting for Persons who are Missing or Dead in Armed Conflict on sixth of November, 3220 (XXIX) (adopted 95 votes in favor) 1974.
27. Office of the High Commissioner for Human Rights, Right to Truth, Human Right Resolution 2005/66.
28. Commission on Human right, Promotion and Protection of Human Rights, study on the right to truth, (E / CN.4 / 2006/91) 2006,
Fourth: Foreign References
29. Alston, Philip & Goodman Ryan, International Human Rights 1407 (2013) Translated by the Author.
30. ICRC, 2005, Customary International Humanitarian Law, Volume I, Rules, Cambridge Press University
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