Cultural Patterns in the Poetry of Abd al-Sahib al-Barqawi
(The Symbolism of the Martyr as a Model)
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.33193/IJoHSS.73.2026.954Keywords:
cultural system, artistic symbol, conflicting systems, martyrdom and martyrAbstract
The importance of the martyrdom theme as a cultural framework stems from the religious, moral, and spiritual dimensions of jihad in the path of God, aiming to uphold monotheism and protect Muslims' land, honor, and wealth, thus enhancing the glory of the Arab and non-Arab Islamic state or states. Martyrdom has its own philosophy, but this philosophy may be expressed in a dry, scientific, and logical style devoid of emotion, or it may be expressed in a beautiful, moving style that immortalizes the reader, allowing them to experience the poet's life and understand the vision of this important cultural symbolic framework in the life of the Islamic nation, both past and future, a context in which multiple, as well as contradictory, connotations are expressed.
The nature of the research required that it be divided into an introduction devoted to examining the poet's life and explaining his poetic status, a brief overview of the philosophy of martyrdom in Islam, preceded by an introduction, followed by two chapters, and a conclusion devoted to presenting the research findings, followed by a list of research sources and references. The two chapters are:
The first chapter: The concept of cultural patterns and symbolic expression
The second chapter: The symbolism of the martyr in Al-Barqawi's poetry.
References
The Holy Qur’an
1. Trends of Critical Interpretation: From the Written to the Suppressed, Muhammad Azzam, Ministry of Culture, Damascus, 2008 CE.
2. Foundations of Philosophy, Dr. Tawfiq al-Tawil, Maktabat al-Nahda al-Misriyya, 3rd ed., 1958 CE.
3. Al-Usul fi al-Nahw (Principles of Grammar), Abu Bakr Muhammad ibn Sahl ibn al-Sarraj al-Baghdadi (d. 316 AH), ed. Dr. Abd al-Husayn al-Fatli, Al-Risalah Publishers, Beirut, Lebanon, 4th ed., (1420 AH / 1999 CE).
4. Al-Bidaya wa al-Nihaya (The Beginning and the End), Abu al-Fida Ibn Kathir al-Dimashqi (d. 774 AH), ed. Dr. Ahmad Abu Muhallim et al., Dar al-Kutub al-‘Ilmiyyah, Beirut, Lebanon, (n.d.).
5. Al-Barqa‘awi in Iraq, Dhurgham al-Barqa‘awi, Al-Ghari Modern Press, Najaf, 1995 CE.
6. Tarikh al-Umam wa al-Muluk (History of Nations and Kings), Abu Ja‘far Muhammad ibn Jarir al-Tabari (d. 310 AH), Al-A‘lami Publishing, Beirut, Lebanon, 5th ed., (1409 AH / 1989 CE).
7. Al-Tadwir fi al-Shi‘r: A Study in Grammar, Meaning, and Rhythm, Dr. Ahmad Keshk, Alukah Network, 1st ed., (1410 AH / 1989 CE).
8. Development of Modern Arabic Poetry in Iraq: Trends of Vision and Aesthetic Texture, Dr. Ali Abbas Alwan, Ministry of Culture and Information, Republic of Iraq, 1975 CE.
9. Hijri and Gregorian Calendars, Freeman–Grenville, trans. Dr. Husam Muhyi al-Din al-Alusi, General Cultural Affairs House, Republic Press, Baghdad, (1389 AH / 1970 CE).
10. Al-Durr al-Bahiyya fi Ansab ‘Ashair al-Najaf al-‘Arabiyya, Abbas Muhammad al-Zubaidi al-Dujayli, Al-Ghari Modern Press, Najaf, 1st ed., (1410 AH / 1990 CE).
11. Guide to Literary Criticism: An Illumination of More than Seventy Contemporary Critical Currents and Terms, Dr. Miguel al-Ruwaili & Dr. Sa‘id al-Baz‘i, Arab Cultural Center, Casablanca, Morocco, 3rd ed., 2002 CE.
12. Ancient Arabic Narrative: Cultural Patterns and Problems of Interpretation, Dr. Dia’ al-Ka‘bi, Arab Institute for Studies and Publishing, Beirut, 1st ed., 2005 CE.
13. Transcendent Sociology: Theory, Knowledge, History, Dr. Mut‘ib Munaf Jasim, Dar al-Basa’ir, Beirut, Lebanon, 1st ed., (1431 AH / 2010 CE).
14. Sunan Abi Dawud, Abu Dawud Sulayman ibn al-Ash‘ath al-Sijistani (d. 275 AH), ed. Khalil Ma’mun Shihah, Dar al-Ma‘rifah, Beirut, Lebanon, 1st ed., (1422 AH / 2001 CE).
15. The Committed Iraqi Poet Abd al-Sahib al-Barqa‘awi: Study of His Themes and Art, Dr. Toman Ghazi al-Khafaji, Nippur Publishing, Iraq, 1st ed., 2015 CE.
16. Sharh Nahj al-Balagha, Ibn Abi al-Hadid al-Madaini (d. 656 AH), ed. Muhammad Abu al-Fadl Ibrahim, Dar Ihya’ al-Kutub al-‘Arabiyya, Cairo, ‘Isa al-Babi al-Halabi, (1385 AH / 1965 CE).
Waq‘at Siffin (The Battle of Siffin), Ibn Muzahim al-Minqari, ed. Abd al-Salam Muhammad Harun, Al-Madani Press, Egypt, Arab Modern Institution for Printing and Publishing, 2nd ed., 1382 AH.
52. Symbol and Its Significance in Contemporary Arabic Poetry: A Reading in Form, with Khalil Hawi as a Model, Souhaila Yousfi, PhD Dissertation, Faculty of Arts, Languages, and Fine Arts, Djilali Liabes University, Sidi Bel Abbes, Algeria, 2017–2018 CE.
53. Martyrdom and Its Manifestations in Contemporary Palestinian Poetry after 1967, Ahmad Musa Za‘rab, Master’s Thesis, Faculty of Arts, Department of Arabic Language, Islamic University, Gaza, (1420 AH / 2008 CE).
54. Reports on Imam Ali ibn Abi Talib in the Works of al-Khassibi, Ja‘far Shihab Jum‘a, published in Madad al-Adab Journal, Vol. (9), Issue (17), 2019 CE.
55. Cultural Patterns in the Poetry of Musa Hawamdeh, Dr. Jasim Muhammad Abbas, published in Iraqi University Journal, Issue (49), 2008 CE.
56. Semiotics of the Palm Tree in the Poetry of Muhammad al-Khatrawi, Dr. Abd al-Rahman ibn Dakhil Rabbah al-Mutrafi, published in Annual Journal of the Faculty of Arabic Language, Zagazig University, Issue (43), 2023 CE.
57. The Sacred and Rhetorical Genres: Terms and Concepts, Younes Loulidi, published in Fikr wa Naqd Journal, Issue (26), Year 3, February 2000 CE.
58. Al-Barqa‘awi between Authenticity and Renewal, Muhammad Husayn Ghaybi, published in Al-Furat Weekly Newspaper, Najaf al-Ashraf, Issue (99), Monday, (25 Muharram 1423 AH / April 8, 2002 CE).
59. Message from Najaf, Adnan al-Saigh, published in Al-Tali‘a Literary Magazine, Issue (4), April 1986 CE.
60. Message from Karbala, Fadil Aziz Farman & Ali Husayn Ubayd, published in Al-Tali‘a Literary Magazine, Ministry of Culture and Information, General Cultural Affairs House, Issue (10), August 1985 CE.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2026 م.د. فرقان مهدي عباس

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
