Cross-Border Organized Crime and its Relationship to Financial and Commercial Business Crimes

(A comparative study)

Abstract

Crime is a serious malady that aggravating in society, and this is a chronic malady that has haunted human being since his existence and its forms and dangers have diversified and its spread has increased despite the various and advanced means of treatment that societies have legislated to combat it. In recent years, an organized crime has emerged that crosses the borders of more than one country, known as  (Cross-border crime), and its relationship to financial and commercial business crimes. The organized crimes, even it can’t be limited but it constitute those crimes that  cause great harm to more than one country as a result of  transgressing its borders, using physical force and illegal means, looting money, extortion, kidnapping, counterfeiting, forgery, illegal trafficking in weapons and drugs, and money laundering, and it is thus Terrorist crimes are similar, i.e. there is a link between organized crime, financial and commercial business crimes and terrorist crimes. Despite the importance of this subject but the number of  scientific research and its placement in the literature is not large, as most studies have tended to delve into local crimes and crimes of persons, without addressing or expanding the study of transnational organized crime and its relationship to financial and commercial business crimes. for this reason, we discussed it in our reaserch. and we choose Irak and Lebanon as examples since Lebanon has dealt with the crimes of financial and commercial business, as the Lebanese legislator established a financial public prosecution for it to prosecute them. The Lebanese legislator also enumerated the types of named crimes involved in it, which constitutes a legal basis for the features of the idea of a financial and commercial business penal law.as well as we discussed the policy of the penal legislation in Lebanon adopted to confront against the crimes in its new forms anti-terror, anti-drug and money laundering. There is no doubt that the Lebanese banking system constitutes a mainstay of the national economy because of the guarantees and profits it provides to investors inside and outside Lebanon and its absolute secrecy almost non-existent in the legislation of other countries and in Iraq, during the past years, he witnessed the emergence of organized crime clearly in the fields of terrorism, assassination of talents and scientific minds, illicit trafficking in weapons and materiel, drug trafficking to corrupt the environment and society, money laundering, asset theft, financial corruption and other crimes.