Foundations and Pillars of the Deductive Methodology of the Theologians

(Ash'arism as a Model)

Abstract

Studying the deductive method of the theologians, particularly the Ash'arites, represents a journey into the depths of Islamic thought and the foundations of the faith. Theologians, as scholars of theology, are the guardians of Islamic doctrine, seeking to prove the validity of Islamic beliefs through rational evidence and transmitted texts. Among these theological schools, the Ash'arite school has emerged as one of the most important and influential schools in Islamic thought.

The importance of studying the foundations and pillars of the deductive method of the Ash'arites lies in several points:

1. Understanding the method used by the Ash'arites in constructing their doctrine helps us understand the foundations of Islamic doctrine more deeply and precisely.
2. Studying this method enables us to appreciate the rich and diverse Islamic intellectual heritage, which contributed to shaping Islamic civilization.
3. Understanding the Ash'ari deductive method helps us engage in constructive dialogue with adherents of other religions and cultures and present a clear and logical Islamic vision.
4. Understanding the Ash'ari method helps us address contemporary intellectual challenges facing Islamic doctrine and present strong arguments in its defense.

There are several reasons that prompted me to choose this topic:

1. The Ash'ari school has a long and rich history and has left a profound impact on Islamic thought.
2. There is considerable debate about the method followed by the Ash'ari school: is it rational or transmitted? Is it lenient or strict?
3. There is an urgent need for specialized studies that examine the Ash'ari method in a scientific and systematic manner.
4. Understanding the Ash'ari method is an important step toward a deeper understanding of Islamic doctrine.

In this study, I will analyze the foundations and pillars of the Ash'ari deductive method by examining their books and writings, and by analyzing their approach to deducing evidence for Islamic doctrines.